CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF A SEMIMICRO LIGHT-SCATTERING APPARATUS

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Abstract
A light-scattering apparatus requiring only 4 ml. of liquid was designed and built. The device has permitted the measurement of intensity for angles between [Formula: see text] and 135° to the incident beam. In this range the unpolarized, horizontal, and vertical components of the light emitted from a solution of fluorescein were constant to within ± 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% respectively. The apparatus was calibrated with a suspension of Ludox colloidal silica which absorbed no light for λ = 3800 Å to 6000 Å. The suspension was found to possess all the properties of a Rayleigh scattering system except randomness. This condition was achieved by extrapolating the light-scattering and spectrophotometric functions to zero concentration when computing the calibration factor. The molecular weight of a sample of sodium carrageenate, determined by the method of Zimm, was 1,700,000. The distribution of intensity at. zero concentration fell between that for stiff rods and polydisperse coils.

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