Occlusion of Pulmonary Veins, "Mitral" Insufficiency, and Ventricular Septal Defect

Abstract
A case of fetal cardiac failure in a stillborn infant was caused by the following anatomic abnormalities: (1) occlusion of the major pulmonary veins, (2) premature closure of the foramen ovale, (3) an incompetent left atrioventricular valve, and (4) a ventricular septal defect. Interpretation of the dynamics leads to the conclusion that the left atrium functioned as an aneurysm of the ventricular portion of the heart.

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