Investigation of flexoelectric properties of a palladium-containing nematic liquid crystal, Azpac, and its mixtures with MBBA

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Abstract
Flexoelectricity of pure Azpac (an HOAB-palladium complex) was studied using planar nematic layers under an in-plane electric field. Longitudinal domains were observed with a period inversely proportional to the applied d.c. electric field. These domains were considered as a first experiment manifestation of the theoretical prediction of R. B. Meyer (1969) and their study has permitted the evaluation of the difference in flexo-coefficientse 1z - e 3x. Their appearance can also be followed for the non-complexed HOAB, using instant video-microscopy frames. Mixtures of Azpac, up to 10wt%, and MBBA were oriented homeotropically and band flexoelectric deformations were observed, both in d.c. and in a.c. (1 to 1000 Hz) electric fields normal to the director. The dynamics of director reorientation were studied by the method of flexoelectric light modulation. A system comprising a He-Ne laser and a lock-in amplifier interfaced by a PC was developed. By operating this in a frequency sweep regime, viscoelastic spectra of director dynamics were recorded. These spectra were excited using a linear flexoelectric coupling mechanism. Breaks in the spectra were observed in the range 200 to 600 Hz, indicating a cross-over from bulk to surface dissipation of energy. For the first time, a surface viscosity of 2.6 × 10−8Jsm−2 was determined for MBBA homeotropically anchored on a DMOAP-coated glass surface. In concentrations at low as 2.5 wt%, Azpac was found to cancel the bend flexo-coefficient of MBBA and at higher concentrations, a steep rise in the flexo-coefficient of the mixture was observed, but with an opposite sign. Thus, the application of Azpac as an effective additive for adjustment of the value and sign of the flexo-coefficient in flexoelectro-optic displays or light modulators could be suggested.