Unified model for the shell structure in the cohesive energy, ionization potential, and photoyield

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Abstract
We present a theory explaining from a general point of view the intensity anomalies (magic numbers) in the mass spectra of metallic clusters. The transition from the electronic (super)shell structure in the mass spectra of smaller clusters to an atomic shell structure in the mass spectra of larger clusters is discussed in detail, including the dependence on temperature and cluster size. Results are given for the shell structure in the cohesive energy, the ionization potential, and photoyield which are useful for distinguishing between the two kinds of structure.