The Influence of the Photoionizing Radiation Spectrum on Metal-Line Ratios in LY(alpha) Forest Clouds

Recent measurements of Si IV/C IV ratios in the high-redshift Ly-alpha forest (Songaila & Cowie, AJ, 112, 335 [1996a]; Savaglio et al., A&A, in press [1997]) have opened a new window on chemical enrichment and the first generations of stars. However, the derivation of accurate Si/C abundances requires reliable ionization corrections, which are strongly dependent on the spectral shape of the metagalactic ionizing background and on the ``local effects'' of hot stars in nearby galaxies. Recent models have assumed power-law quasar ionizing backgrounds plus a decrement at 4 Ryd to account for He II attenuation in intervening clouds. However, we show that realistic ionizing backgrounds based on cosmological radiative transfer models produce more complex ionizing spectra between 1-5 Ryd that are critical to interpreting ions of Si and C. We also make a preliminary investigation of the effects of He II ionization front non-overlap. Because the attenuation and re-emission by intervening clouds enhance Si IV relative to C IV, the observed high Si IV/C IV ratios do not require an unrealistic Si overproduction [Si/C $\geq 3 (Si/C)_{\odot}$]. If the ionizing spectrum is dominated by ``local effects'' from massive stars, even larger Si IV/C IV ratios are possible. However, unless stellar radiation dominates quasars by more than a factor of 10, we confirm the evidence for some Si overproduction by massive stars; values Si/C $\approx 2 (Si/C)_{\odot}$ fit the measurements better than solar abundances. Ultimately, an adequate interpretation of the ratios of C IV, Si IV, and C II may require hot, collisionally ionized gas in a multiphase medium.Comment: 18 pages, latex, 8 figures, postscript; accepted by Astronomical Journal, to appear in vol. 113, no. 5 (May, 1997