Nursing Facility Staffing in the States: The 1991 to 1995 Period

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Abstract
Trends in the average nurse staffing levels are reported for certified nursing facilities in the United States from 1991 through 1995. Data from the federal On-Line Survey Certification and Reporting system show a small overall increase in the staffing levels for registered nurses (RNs), licensed vocational and licensed practical nurses (LVNs/LPNs), and nursing assistants over the 5 years, but there are substantial variations across states and regions. A two-stage least squares panel analysis examined predictors of nurse staff levels in states. States with higher resident case mix levels had higher RN and LVN/LPN hours. States with higher percentages of large facilities had lower RN and LVN/LPN levels and states with higher percentages of for-profit facilities had lower RN staff levels. States with a higher percentage of Medicaid residents had higher LVN/LPN staff levels. These findings indicate the need for more studies of staff variations and public policies that affect staffing.