Second-harmonic generation in metal oxide/ormosils nanocomposites derived from sol-gel processing

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Abstract
Nanocomposites of Ormosis containing metal oxides, such as niobates, titanates and zirconates, were prepared by sol-gel processing. The materials were hydrolyzed partially and were dried in air atmosphere for appropriate periods. Afterwards, the materials were heat- treated between 200 degree(s) and 450 degree(s)C for 2 days in pure oxygen. The final bulk samples are transparent in infrared and visible ranges. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that these samples did not have any crystalline phases after heating up to 200 degree(s)C. Using a Nd:YAG laser of 1.064 micrometers wavelength, second harmonic generation, of green light (0.532 micrometers ), was observed in these metal oxides/Ormosils nanocomposites. The refractive index and other optical properties of the metal oxides/Ormosils were also measured. The microstructures of these samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy.

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