Vascular Calcification, Autonomic Neuropathy, and Peripheral Blood Flow in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

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Abstract
The possibility that digital gangrene in patients with diabetic nephropathy might be due to abnormalities of peripheral blood flow secondary to vascular calcification has been investigated. Twenty patients with renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy were studied. Peripheral blood flow was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography, together with an assessment of medial arterial calcification on plain radiographs of the hands and feet, and transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2). Hallux blood flow was markedly raised (median 22.5, range 11.5–56.5, ml min−1 100‐ml−1) compared with non‐diabetic control subjects (4.7, 1.1–10.5, ml min−1 100‐ml−1; p < 0.01) and similar to that in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy (29.5, 16.7–49.6, ml min−1 100‐ml−1). Although vascular calcification was common and extensive in the patients with diabetic nephropathy, TcPO2 measurements in the supine foot were normal and did not indicate tissue ischaemia. We conclude that despite extensive vascular calcification high peripheral blood flow occurs in the feet of these patients at rest together with normal transcutaneous oxygen tension.