The Condition of Equal Irradiance and the Distribution of Light in Images Formed by Optical Systems without Artificial Vignetting*

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Abstract
It has been pointed out by several scientists that the cos4-law does not correctly describe the decrease of marginal irradiance in images. It has also been repeatedly proven that it is theoretically and practically possible to avoid or even to overcorrect the marginal decay. The equations developed for this purpose should be amplified, however, and as many specifications as possible should be dropped. An attempt to do so has resulted in deriving three formulas which are described in this paper.One formula is a condition to be fulfilled by systems with equal irradiance over all the image.In systems not fulfilling this condition, the decrease of marginal irradiance can be determined by two other formulas.

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