The treatment of resistant malignant ascites by insertion of a peritoneo-atrial Holter valve

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Abstract
Holter valves have been used in 9 cases to drain ascites, and in 1 case a pleural effusion, into the superior vena cava. All these effusions were due to malignant disease. Three patients died before the results of the operation could be assessed and in 1 case ascites rapidly recurred. Five patients were relieved until death from their primary disease. One patient died 3 1/4 years after insertion of the valve, but ascites had returned—probably as a result of recurrent blockage of the valve by particulate matter.