Comparison of QLF and DIAGNOdent for Quantification of Smooth Surface Caries

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Abstract
The aim was to compare the detection and quantification of smooth surface caries by KaVo DIAGNOdent and quantitative laser/light–induced fluorescence (QLF) using a laser and a lamp as two different light sources. On 40 premolar teeth extracted from adolescents, 71 non–cavitated approximal surfaces were assessed. For QLF, both mean and maximum fluorescence losses were registered. To provide a gold standard for verification, the teeth were then sectioned and lesion depth, stratified on a five–point scale, was determined by histopathology and microradiography. The correlation between the gold standard and the two methods was assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods for detection of smooth surface caries at D3 level were also assessed. For lesion depth, correlation with the gold standard was similar for QLF and DIAGNOdent: about 0.85. With respect to dentinal caries detection, sensitivity for DIAGNOdent was 0.75 and specificity 0.96, with a cut–off point of 9. The corresponding values for QLF were 0.94 and 1, with a cut–off value of 20% of fluorescence loss. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients for enamel mineral loss and QLF and DIAGNOdent, respectively, were 0.76 and 0.67. It was concluded that for quantification of smooth surface caries, the methods are of equal merit, but for scientific purposes, QLF offers the advantage of closer correlation with changes in mineral content.