Life History of a Looper, Lambdina punctata, in Utah (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

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Abstract
Lambdina punctata (Hulst) is predominantly a defoliator of gambel oak, maple, and range plants. An outbreak along the Wasatch Front in northern Utah provided an opportunity to study the biology of this insect. L. punctata is univoltine, overwintering in the egg stage. Larvae emerge in early May and the feeding period lasts for about 2 ½ months. There are 5 larval instars. Pupation occurs in the leaf litter near the base of oak and maple. Adults begin appearing in August and oviposition extends into October. Descriptions of the various stages are given. The following parasites of L. punetata were recovered: Telenomus sp., Phobocampe sp., Hyphantrophaga hyphantriae (Townsend), Winthemia sp. (? occidentis Reinhard), Winthemia sp., and Pimpla sanguinipes crythropus Viereck.

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