Low pressure polyethylene catalysts

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Abstract
Most of the reported polymerizations of ethylene at atmospheric pressures utilize heterogeneous catalysts. This paper summarizes some studies of the polymerization of ethylene at atmospheric pressure with nonprecipitate titanium+4 catalyst systems. The nature of the alkyl metal used to make the catalyst influences the occurrence of reduction of titanium which produces the usual heterogeneous state. The highly active alkyl metals must be modified to decrease their reducing power. Electrophilic materials which are normally produced during the reduction step in the Ziegler catalysts must be present to obtain optimum activity of the nonprecipitate catalyst. The homogeneous titanium+4 catalysts described here are more active than the usual heterogeneous Ziegler catalyst. The catalyst formation is explained as due to the formation of complexes.
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