The development of the lamprey pattern generator for locomotion

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Abstract
The life cycle of the lamprey includes a larval stage that can last for several years. The motor behavior of the larval lamprey, the ammocoete, has been only minimally studied and little is known of the neural correlates of that behavior. Comparison of known larval behavior to that of adults leaves unclear whether there are large or small changes in the spinal nervous system during transformation. The motor output of isolated larval and transforming spinal cords when stimulated to “swim” with d‐glutamate has some differences from that of comparable adult preparations, but shares many important features with adults. Primarily, the fictive swimming is less well regulated and less stable than adults of the same species. We propose that a major difference in the structure and organization of the central pattern generator for locomotion between adults and ammocoetes is a relative lack or immaturity of some cell types that participate in the coordination of the segments and the generation of the rhythm of the periodic bursting.