Methodology for electron stimulated desorption ion angular distributions of negative ions

Abstract
The electron stimulated desorption angular distributions technique has been extended to measure the angular distributions of negative ions desorbing from surfaces. The apparatus is a modification of an existing display-type detector. Time-of-flight methods have been employed to separate the negative ions from the large background of electrons, and to permit mass-resolved measurements of both positive and negative ions. General trends in negative ion desorption from a series of fluorinated molecules (PF3 , NF3 , and hexafluoroacetone) adsorbed on Ru(0001) are presented. In these systems, negative ions arise primarily from molecularly intact adsorbates while positive ions can arise from both intact and dissociated species with similar probability.