On factors governing subsurface storm flow in volcanic ash soils, New Zealand

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Abstract
The possible occurrence of subsurface storm flow in volcanic‐ash soils was investigated by means of small lysimeters with and without window openings to measure lateral flow. The information obtained from the lysimeters led to a further investigation of apparently aberrant results by a number of experimental methods largely devised under field conditions. The results obtained from these experiments show that (1) a resistance to wetting exhibited by the surface soil at a low moisture content, (2) a low permeability of the B horizon compared with that of the A horizon, apparently related to an initial anisotropy in the ash beds, and (3) the transition from a fine to a coarse‐textured layer cause a lateral flow through the surface soil on sloping ground to take place during rain storms. The magnitude of this flow largely depends on the intensity of a rain storm.

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