Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops. VII. Cytoplasmic effects on respiratory and photosynthetic rates.

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Abstract
Respiratory and photosynthetic rates of 7 cytoplasm substitution lines of a common wheat were investigated. The cytoplasm substitution [CS] lines used were (umbellulata)-, (squarrosa)-, (speltoides)-, (dicoccoides)-, (cylindrica)-, (biuncialis)- and (ovata)-CS. The investigation was conducted in 4 replications with each of the outdoor- and greenhouse-grown plants. In each replication, the 1st completely developed leaves of 50 seedlings were used for measuring respiratory and photosynthetic rates with an IR gas analyser. The first 2 leaves of other seedlings were used for an estimation of chlorophyll content. The results obtained are summarized. The umbellulata and biuncialis cytoplasms depressed the leaf development. Thus both respiratory and photosynthetic rates per leaf became lower, though the efficiency in respiration and photosynthesis was higher. They also caused retardation in attaining maximum photosynthetic rate. The squarrosa, speltoides, dicoccoides and cylindrica cytoplasms caused vigorous development of the 1st leaf. No other consistent effect was detected with them. The ovata cytoplasm depressed the 1st leaf development, and caused the retardation in attaining maximum photosynthetic rate in plants grown outdoors. No effect on both respiratory and photosynthetic rates was observed. There clearly is cytoplasmic control of respiration and photosynthesis. The phylogenetic significance of this grouping was discussed.