The Rough Fruit Condition of the Shamouti orange—Connections with the Endogenous Hormonal Balance

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Abstract
Summary The rough peel disorder is characterized by excessively thick rough peel and large fruit sizes and is found in Shamouti orange fruits growing under less than optimal conditions such as heavy, soils, low relative air humidity, and on sour orange rootstock. Affected fruit is not fit for export. Appreciably more cytokinin-and gibberellin-like activities were found in both external (flavedo) and internal (albedo) peel tissues of rough than of smooth oranges at a very young fruitlet stage (May-June), when peel growth was at its peak (both cell divisions and elongation) and the rough fruit disorder was developing. At this stage no consistent differences could be detected in the level of native auxins or ABA like inhibitors. Higher cytokinin and gibberellin levels were also found in rough mature peel (November) when peel growth of rough peel is resumed. On the basis of these and other data a causal relationship between the endogenous regulator balance and the control of peel roughness is suggested.

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