Links between Universities and Their Spin-Offs

Abstract
The desire to find appropriate vehicles for the commercialization of university research has been an ongoing concern for those inside and outside universities. In this paper, the authors present follow-up findings into their research on the formation and management of university spin-off firms (USOs) in England. It is argued that variations in the types of USOs and their sectoral location have important implications for the significance of the science base to small firms, the science and technology inputs required by firms, and the strategies of intellectual property protection they pursue.

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