Radio tracking and activity monitoring of the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

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Abstract
A miniature crystal-controlled radio transmitter, 7x17x2 mm3 and 185 mg in water, was attached to the back of prothorax of individual dobsonfly larvae, Protohermes grandis. Positions of these larvae in the stream bed were determined using a loop antenna, and they were tracked for 19 days. Actograms were also taken by recording the frequency variation of transmitting signals which were changed according to the larval posture. Larvae changed their positions in the stream bed in some nights, but never in the daytime. However, in most nights (92.7%), they continued to stay at the same position. Actograms revealed that larvae were quite motionless in most time (90.8% of daytime and 89.7% of night). Thus, larvae use the ambush mode of foraging in the central part of riffles where prey are continuously redistributed and sufficient oxygen is supplied with a water current.