The Specificity of Translational Control Switched with Transfer RNA Identity Rules

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Abstract
The interaction of Escherichia coli threonyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase with the leader sequence of its own messenger RNA inhibits ribosome binding, resulting in negative translational feedback regulation. The leader sequence resembles the substrate (tRNA Thr ) of the enzyme, and the nucleotides that mediate the correct recognition of the leader and the tRNA may be the same. A mutation suggested by tRNA identity rules that switches the resemblance of the leader sequence from tRNA Thr to tRNA Met causes the translation of the threonyl-tRNA synthetase messenger RNA to become regulated by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. This identity swap in the leader messenger RNA indicates that tRNA identity rules may be extended to interactions of synthetases with other RNAs.