Loss of SOD1 and LYS7 Sensitizes Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Hydroxyurea and DNA Damage Agents and Downregulates MEC1 Pathway Effectors

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Abstract
Aerobic metabolism produces reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anions, which cause DNA damage unless removed by scavengers such as superoxide dismutases. We show that loss of the Cu,Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase, SOD1, or its copper chaperone, LYS7, confers oxygen-dependent sensitivity to replication arrest and DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also find that sod1Δ strains, and to a lesser extent lys7Δ strains, when arrested with hydroxyurea (HU) show reduced induction of the MEC1 pathway effector Rnr3p and of Hug1p. The HU sensitivity of sod1Δ and lys7Δ strains is suppressed by overexpression of TKL1, a transketolase that generates NADPH, which balances redox in the cell and is required for ribonucleotide reductase activity. Our results suggest that the MEC1 pathway in sod1Δ mutant strains is sensitive to the altered cellular redox state due to increased superoxide anions and establish a new relationship between SOD1, LYS7, and the MEC1-mediated checkpoint response to replication arrest and DNA damage in S. cerevisiae.