Parathyroid Cyst

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Abstract
Although parathyroid cyst was infrequently reported until the past decade, its presumed rarity was attributed to nonrecognition. First reported in 1905, only 58 cases of parathyroid cyst were documented in the world literature by 1967. Since then, however, substantial literature about this entity accumulated. The 3 cases reported brought the cumulative total to 149. All 3 were examined histologically and treated by aspiration or surgical excision. There was confusion clinically with thyroid cysts and assay of fluid aspirate for parathormone and thyroxine may not accurately distinguish the origin of the cyst. Tissue diagnosis was confirmatory. Parathyroid cysts may be developmental, arising from vestigial remanants of the 3rd and 4th branchial clefts; or coalescence of microcysts with associated hypersecretion may enlarge into macrocysts; or an adenoma may degenerate into a pseudocyst. Hyperparathyroidism, if present, is associated with only the last 2.

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