Genetic variation in sand pine (Pinusclausa)

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Abstract
Pinusclausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg. is a member of subsection Contortae that is restricted to Florida and the southern tip of Alabama. The present distribution of P. clausa is divided into two purported varieties: var. clausa in peninsular Florida and var. immuginata primarily in the Florida panhandle. We determined allozyme diversity and population genetic structure for 12 populations of var. clausa and 9 populations of var. immuginata. At the species level, 88% of the 26 loci examined were polymorphic. The genetic diversity maintained at both the species (Hes = 0.100) and population (Hep = 0.092) levels was low relative to most other pine species. Genetic differentiation among populations was also relatively low (GST = 0.054). Genetic distances between populations of the same variety (mean D = 0.006) were lower than genetic distances between populations of different varieties (mean D = 0.012). Although allele frequencies at individual loci differed significantly between the two varieties, each variety maintained nearly 99% of the genetic variation apparent at the species level (intervarietal differentiation, Gv = 0.014). The lower levels of genetic diversity in P. clausa may have resulted in part from genetic bottlenecks during periods of range retraction.

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