In situ lingulids from deep-water carbonates of the Middle Ordovician Table Head Group of Newfoundland and the Trenton Group of Quebec

Abstract
Specimens of in situ lingulids were discovered in carbonates of the Middle Ordovician Table Head Group of northwestern Newfoundland and Trenton Group of the St. Lawrence Lowland of Quebec. The discoveries have 2 important implications regarding Paleozoic lingulid ecology. They represent one of the few recordings of in situ lingulids in carbonate substrates of Paleozoic age. They occur mainly in outer shelf and upper slope sediments (Grondines Member of Neuville Formation, Trenton Group, and Table Cove Formation. Table Head Group), deposited in presumed considerable water depths. Caution must be observed with the use, in the fossil record, of lingulids as paleoenvironmental indicators.