Vanadium in the blood and urine of workers in a ferroalloy plant

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Abstract
The concentration of V in the blood and urine of both nonexposed and occupationally exposed works was determined by neutron activation analysis. A comparison of the exposure data and the corresponding blood and urine values showed that the urine V concentration adjusted for creatinine concentration was the most reliable exposure indicator. The normal levels of V in blood was less than 20 nmol/l. The corresponding urine values were less than 3.5 nmol/mmol of creatinine.