Current and Potential Fields Generated by Two Dipoles

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Abstract
The distribution of currents and potentials in a circular conducting medium surrounding two eccentric dipoles was studied to establish how much information on the number, location, and orientation of the dipoles could be deduced from measurements of potential in the medium at various distances from the generators. When a single, eccentric dipole was active, the curve illustrating the distribution of potentials along the boundary exhibited different kinds of asymmetry, which revealed that the dipole was eccentric and gave some information about its orientation. When both dipoles were active, two maxima and two minima, revealing the presence of two generators, appeared along the boundary when the angle between dipole moments was 150° or more. Along internal circumferences two maxima and two minima appeared at smaller angles between dipole moments and the location of the maxima was closely related to that of the dipole anodes. When the dipoles lay on the same diameter and had opposite polarity, the presence of two generators was clearly detectable from boundary measurements, whereas vector representation was zero. These data improve our understanding of electrical signals recorded from the body surface, whether in the form of electrocardiograms, vectorcardiograms, or equipotential contour maps.