Differential effects of elevated ultraviolet‐B radiation on the photochemical and reproductive performances of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous arid‐environment ephemerals

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Abstract
Four dicotyledonous Astcraceac and four monocotyledonous Iridaceac species were grown from seed under three different effective ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B, 280–320 nm) fluenccs, which approximated those received daily over the natural growing periods of these species at their southerly and northerly distribution limits under ambient stratospheric ozone, and at the northerly limit assuming a 20% ozone depletion. Diminished photochemical efficiencies, delayed flowering, decreased flower production, pollen germination and tube growth, and reduced numbers of seeds set, accompanied by corresponding increases in mass per seed, were observed mainly in dicotyledons under elevated UV‐B radiation, despite their higher foliar and pollen polyphenolic contents, their possession of trinucleatc pollen and their natural occurrence at lower latitudes than monocotyledons with binucleate pollen. The results demonstrate the difficulties in determining plant sensitivity to UV‐B radiation from polyphenolic content, pollen type and natural geographic distribution, and suggest that monocotyledons possess other attributes that confer greater resilience to UV‐B radiation.