Mouse adenovirus type 1 attachment is not mediated by the coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor

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Abstract
Common human adenovirus (Ad) vectors are derived from serotype 2 or 5, which use the coxsackie‐adenovirus receptor (CAR) as their primary cell receptor. We investigated the receptor usage of mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV‐1), which in vivo is characterized by a pronounced endothelial cell tropism. Alignment of the fiber knob sequences of MAV‐1 and those of CAR‐using adenoviruses, revealed that amino acid residues, critical for interaction with CAR, are not conserved in the MAV‐1 fiber knob. Attachment of MAV‐1 to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was not increased by stable transfection with mouse CAR, whereas the binding efficiency of Ad2 was 20‐fold higher in the mouse CAR‐transfectant compared to the wild type cells. Also, purified fiber knob of Ad5, which is interchangeable with the Ad2 fiber knob, did not compete with MAV‐1 for receptor binding, indicating that MAV‐1 binds to a receptor different from CAR. These results support further exploration of an MAV‐1‐derived vector as a potential vehicle for gene delivery to cell types which are not efficiently transduced by human adenovirus vectors.