Knockout mice: a paradigm shift in modern immunology
- 1 October 2001
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Nature in Nature Reviews Immunology
- Vol. 1 (1) , 11-19
- https://doi.org/10.1038/3509551
Abstract
In the past decade, advances in genetic engineering and mouse knockout technology have transformed our understanding of the immune system. In particular, new perspectives on T-cell development, co-stimulation and activation have emerged from the study of single and multiple gene-knockout animals, as well as from conditional knockout and 'knock-in' mutants. Analysis of these animals has clarified important intracellular signalling pathways and has shed light on the regulatory mechanisms that govern normal immune responses and autoimmunity.Keywords
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