Abstract
The question of spontaneous development from preoperational to formal thinking as opposed to deliberate instruction to insure and accelerate this development is Karplus' topic. The aim of the Science Curriculum Improvement Study is described as that of fostering development of thinking to the formal operational level from natural philosophy to scientific literacy. Karplus, a physicist at the University of California, discusses the program of the Science Curriculum Improvement Study for grades K‐2 in Piagelian terms.

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