STANDING POTENTIAL CORRELATES OF HYPNOSIS AND NARCOSIS
- 1 April 1951
- journal article
- other
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry
- Vol. 65 (4) , 413-436
- https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurpsyc.1951.02320040003001
Abstract
ALTHOUGH more than 150 years have elapsed since Galvani first associated electricity with living systems, accurate determination of electrical phenomena did not occur until relatively recent times. With the advent of electrocardiography and electroencephalography, A.C. potentials could be successfully detected; D.C. determinations, however, were beset with numerous difficulties, transcended only in the past few years. To validate the concept that living organisms consist of electrical fields, Burr, with the assistance of Lane and Nims,1perfected a microvoltmeter by means of which basic electrical properties of living systems can be measured. Experiments of the past 16 years have clearly demonstrated that in vertebrates, invertebrates2and plants3there is a relatively steady, stable voltage gradient of considerable magnitude between any two points—altered only by changes in the fundamental biology of the organism—which exists in well defined patterns characteristic of the species and to some extent characteristic of the individual.Keywords
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