Perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement

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Abstract
Perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement is an infrequent occurrence. Wide excision is the best chance of cure of perineal endometriosis but may cause incontinence when the anal sphincter is involved. Conversely, narrow excision may result in incomplete removal, with increased recurrence rates and need of additional therapy. Wide excision with primary sphincteroplasty and narrow excision surgical techniques are reviewed. One case report of perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement and previously reported cases were reviewed. Patients were compared based on type of resection (wide or narrow excision) and outcome. Since 1957 there have been seven reported cases of perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement, with the present authors adding one additional case for a total of eight. The mean age was 33 (range, 22-47) years. Surgical treatment included wide excision with primary sphincteroplasty (2 cases), narrow excision (4 cases), and incomplete excision (1 case). One case spontaneously regressed after a subsequent pregnancy. There were two recurrences in the narrow excision group and no recurrences in the wide excision group. There were no complications reported for any of the procedures. Although follow-up time was variable and the numbers small, wide excision with primary sphincteroplasty for patients with perineal endometriosis with anal sphincter involvement seems to be the best chance of cure with good functional results. It should be considered particularly in younger patients to obviate the need of long-term subsequent hormonal therapy or re-excision for symptomatic recurrences. In contrast, patients closer to menopause (when endometriosis tends to regress) may be treated optimally by narrow excision to avoid the risks of significant anal sphincter resection.

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