Long-term outcome of height, bone density, and body composition in Turner syndrome

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Abstract
Turner syndrome affects approximately one in 2500 live female births. Although these patients have variable physical anomalies, nearly universal findings include short stature and ovarian failure. Final height data are just becoming available from worldwide studies investigating the effects of recombinant human growth hormone in Turner syndrome. We discuss the recent literature on final height after human growth hormone therapy, with reported gains of up to 8 to 10 cm over initial projected height. Response is augmented by the use of oxan-drolone therapy and may be compromised if estrogen therapy is initiated prematurely. We also discuss the importance of estrogen replacement therapy in women with Turner syndrome for optimal skeletal health, the difficulties in accurate interpretation of bone density data in Turner syndrome patients, and the controversy over whether estrogen is solely responsible for the apparent osteopenia. Minimal information has been published regarding body composition in Turner syndrome patients.

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