Instructional Sets and MMPI Items

Abstract
The MMPI was administered to three groups of nurses (total N = 33) under three different instructional sets: fake good, ideal self, and one year from now. The data were analyzed for the influence of set and the influence of order on Zero items and X items separately. It was found that the three sets clearly operate to produce different scores and that order of set has effect on Zero scores (P <.001) and a somewhat lesser effect (P <.05) on the X items. The psychological significance of current Zero score behavior is discussed.

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