HIV risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in public sex environments: An ecological evaluation

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Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) in public sex environments (PSE) may be at high risk for HIV/AIDS. The majority of research on HIV risk behaviour among MSM has been conducted in open access venues more likely to be linked to networks that openly endorse preventive messages and safer sex norms. This study investigated risk practices among MSM in a PSE in order to develop effective prevention intervention strategies. Three outreach workers with previous MSM prevention experience trained in ethnographic and fieldwork observation techniques provided direct observation data. Seventy-seven observations, each lasting a minimum of two hours, were conducted over a five-month period at three city public parks. Of 614 men observed, over 250 exhibited activities and behaviours related to, or potentially related, to HIV-risk relevant sexual behaviour. Direct sexual contact between two or more men was observed 19 times, while men entering or leaving a sex area of the park was observed 66 times. Outreach workers were able to interact directly with 72 MSM, primarily discussing safer sex strategies. Sexual encounters occurred in more open areas of the PSE with partners migrating to secluded areas for intense and sexual interactions. Future prevention interventions will need to be tailored, and targeted, to specific sexual exchange access points in PSE.