Ultrastructure, cell wall composition, and phylogenetic position of Pseudodictyosphaerium jurisii (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) including a comparison with other picoplanktonic green algae

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Abstract
A pure culture of a common colonial freshwater picoplanktonic chlorophyte, Pseudodictyosphaerium jurisii, was isolated from Lake Stechlin (Brandenburg, Germany). This strain was compared with solitary picochlorophytes with respect to morphology, ultrastructure, and the biochemical composition of the cell walls. Its phylogenetic position and relationships were determined by analysis of 18S rDNA sequence data. It is similar in cell morphology and ultrastructure to Choricystis minor, Mychonastes homosphaera, and the marine picoplanktonic alga Nanochlorum eucaryotum. In their ultrastructure, biochemistry of the cell wall, and 18S rDNA, these picoplanktonic algae are clearly different from Chlorella species, and these features indicate a close relationship between Pseudodictyosphaerium and Mychonastes. In contrast to Nannochloris, which propagates by binary fission, Pseudodictyosphaerium, Choricystis, and Mychonastes multiply by autosporulation. This study provides further evidence that picoplanktonic chlorophytes evolved independently in several lineages among the Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae.

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