Studies of cattle and sheep eating leaf and stem fractions of grasses. 1. The voluntary intake, digestibility and retention time in the reticulo-rumen

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Abstract
Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) were cut as 6 and 12 week regrowths, dried, chopped, and separated into leaf and stem fractions by using a gravity separator. Each of the eight diets was offered to four cattle and eight sheep fitted with a ruminal cannula to measure voluntary intake and digestibility of the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Possible deficiencies of protein and minerals were minimized in this study by feeding casein and a mineral supplement. The total DM, OM and NDF contents of the rumeno-reticulum (rumen) were measured by manually emptying the rumen and the values used to estimate retention times of DM, OM and NDF. Cattle consumed 35% more leaf than stem fraction. Sheep consumed 21 % more leaf. When the daily voluntary intake was expressed as g/kg0.9 the intake was similar for cattle and sheep. The higher intake of the leaf fraction was associated with the shorter time that it was retained in the rumen of both cattle and sheep. Leaf and stem fractions were digested to the same extent by cattle. There was also no difference in the digestibility of leaf and stem fed to sheep. The digestive efficiency of sheep was 0.033 lower than that of cattle for both DM and NDF. Cattle retained all diets for longer periods in the rumen than did sheep. This difference was associated with the higher digestive efficiency of the cattle. It was concluded that both cattle and sheep consumed more leaf than stem fractions of grasses, and that the higher intake of leaf was associated with the shorter time that it was retained in the rumen and not by differences in digestibility as such.