Cesarean Section, Gestational Age, and Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: Timing Is the Key

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors and to characterize infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). A total of 67 newborns with TTN, born at gestational age (GA) ≥ 35 weeks, were studied. Newborns delivered before and after each study case served as controls. Mean GA was lower and cesarean section (CS) rate was higher in the TTN group (38.2 ± 2.3 versus 39.5 ± 1.4 weeks, p < 0.001; 50.7% versus 22.4%, p < 0.001). GA < 38 weeks was found to be associated with increased risk for TTN in infants delivered by elective CS. TTN was associated with significant morbidities and longer hospital stay (7.2 ± 5.6 versus 2.9 ± 1.4 days; p < 0.001). Delivery by CS and younger GA are risk factors for TTN. Although TTN is a self-limited disease, it is associated with significant morbidities. Scheduling elective CS at GA of not less than 38 weeks may decrease the frequency of TTN.

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