Ecological field studies on Anguina funesta, the vector in annual ryegrass toxicity

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Abstract
Entry of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Anguina funesta into the apex of Lolium rigidum was dependent on environmental conditions and so varied in 1978 and 1979. Penetration and initiation of galls dependent on stage of development of the plant, was more consistent and occurred in late August-early September. Two to three nematodes initiated each gall. The first egg was deposited at the end of September and the first J2 hatched in mid-October. The implications of these observations for control are discussed. Mowing and grazing, the fungus Dilophospora alopecuri, and good clover growth all showed promise in reducing numbers of the nematode.