N-Nitroso compounds in cigarette tobacco and their occurrence in mainstream tobacco smoke

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Abstract
The tobacco and mainstream smoke of 20 commercial brands of filter and non-filter cigarettes were analysed for N-nitroso compounds. The concentrations of N-nitrosodlmethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosoethyhnethylamine (NEMA) and N-nifrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in cigarette tobacco were very much lower than in mainstream smoke, where the levels were 6.3–76.4 ng/cig NDMA, >1.0–7.1 ng/cig NEMA and 3.9–41.2 ng/cig NPYR. N-Nitrosodiethylamine was not detected in mainstream smoke and N-nitrosopiperidine (>1.0 ng/cig) was detected in the smoke of four unfiltered cigarette brands. The five major non-volatile nitrosamines present in cigarette tobacco were 4-(N-nitroso-N-methylamino)butyrlc acid (not detected to 200 ng/cig), N-nitrosoplpecolic acid (not detected to 670 ng/cig), N-nitrososarcosine (22–460 ng/cig), 3-(N-nitroso-N-methylamino)propionic acid (110–4990 ng/cig) and N-nitrosoproline (580–15000 ng/cia). The tobacco-specific nitrosamines N-nitrosoanabasine and N nitrosoanatabine were found at levels of 270–2330 ng/cig and 18–;205 ng/cig in cigarette tobacco and mainstream smoke respectively. N-Nitrosonornicotine was present at 400–5340 ng/cig and 19–855 ng/cig in cigarette tobacco and mainstream smoke respectively. 4(NNitrosomethyl- amino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone concentrations of 100–960 ng/cig and 21–470 ng/cig in cigarette tobacco and mainstream smoke were determined. 4-(N-Nitrosomethyl-amino)-4-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (iso-NNAL) was detected in four dark (French) tobacco unfiltered cigarettes at a concentration range of 140–240 ng/cig and 5–11 ng/cig in the corresponding mainstream smoke. For non-filter cigarettes, a transfer rate of 3.4–4.6% for iso-NNAL was calculated.

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