A critique of Goddard and Welsby's paper "The acoustic target strength of live fish"

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Abstract
Goddard and Welsby's decade-old study is placed in the context of the contemporary literature. Its experimentation is described as a paradigm of encaged-fish measurement. Two of the authors' findings are emphasized: the necessity of averaging target-strength data in the squared-amplitude or intensity domain, and the importance of observing fish behaviour for understanding fish target strength and its variation. The likely uniqueness and value of the data at 22½° declination are noted. Comparison of the gadoid and dogfish target strengths enhances other work showing that the swimbladder contribution to the fish echo energy generally exceeds 90%. Apparent irregularities in the multiple-fish data are attributed to well-understood behavioural effects that are entirely consistent with the basic linearity of fisheries acoustics.

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