The Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Screening for Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Homosexual and Bisexual HIV-Positive Men

Abstract
The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in homosexual and bisexual men exceeds that in heterosexual men1-5 and is higher than that of cervical cancer in women.6 Estimates of the annual anal SCC incidence among homosexual men before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic were between 12.5 and 36.5 per 100,000,3 and the incidence may be even higher in homosexual and bisexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).7,8