Procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) genes located in an unusually small alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit: PARP promoter activity assayed by transient DNA transfection of Trypanosoma brucei.

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Abstract
At least one of the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP or procyclin) loci of Trypanosoma brucei is a small (5- to 6-kilobase) polycistronic transcription unit which is transcribed in an alpha-amanitin-resistant manner. Its single promoter, as mapped by run-on transcription analysis and UV inactivation of transcription, is located immediately upstream of the first alpha-PARP gene. Transcription termination occurs in a region approximately 3 kilobases downstream of the beta-PARP gene. The location of the promoter was confirmed by its ability to direct transcription of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in insect-form (procyclic) T. brucei. The putative PARP promoter is located in the region between the 3' splice acceptor site (nucleotide position 0) and nucleotide position -196 upstream of the alpha-PARP genes. Regulatory regions influencing the levels of PARP expression may be located further upstream. We conclude that a single promoter, which is located very close to the 3' splice acceptor site of the alpha-PARP genes, directs the transcription of a small, polycistronic, and alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription unit.