Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Effect of Hemodilution with α-α Cross-Linked Hemoglobin on Brain Injury and Edema

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Abstract
The effect of hemodilution, with α-α cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb), on brain injury and edema was assessed after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Injury was analyzed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain and edema by microgravimety. Part A: DCLHb was given to maintain one of the following hematocrits (Hct) and normotension: 1) 45/Hct, 2) 30/Hct, 3) 16/Hct, or 4) 9/Hct. Brain injury (% of ischemic hemisphere, mean ± SD) was less in the 30/Hct group (31 ±4) versus the 45/Hct group (42 ± 5); and in the 16/Hct (20 ± 3) and 9/Hct (19 ± 4) groups versus the 45/Hct and 30/Hct groups. Edema was less in the hemodiluted groups versus the 45/Hct group. Part B: DCLHb was given to maintain one of the following hematocrits and hyper (HTN) − or normotension (Norm): 1) 45/Norm, 2) 30/Norm, 3) 30/HTN, 4) 16/Norm, or 5) 16/HTN. In hematocrit matched groups hypertension decreased brain injury (30/HTN − 24 ± 2 < 30/Norm − 34 ± 4; and 16/HTN − 17 ± 3 < 16/Norm − 24 ± 4). Edema was not effected by hypertension. These results suggest that hemodilution with DCLHb decreases focal ischemic injury, and is most effective when given in a manner that induces hypertension.