Gastrointestinal carcinoids: Extrahepatic metastases and symptomatology following resection

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Abstract
Of 49 patients with midgut and hindgut carcinoids, second primary distinct carcinomas occurred in 12. The most aggressive carcinoids were the 24 that arose in the distal small bowel and cecum. Of the patients affected, 15 had lymph node metastases and eight had liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. That only five patients were completely relieved of symptoms following resection was partially explained by autopsy findings in 15 patients, six of whom had metastatic extra‐abdominal carcinoid without liver metastases (most commonly, bone metastases).