Applications of ferroelectrics and related materials: A review of developments in europe

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Abstract
The paper reviews developments in Europe in the broad field of ferroelectrics including the use of such materials in the closely related fields of pyroelectrics and non-linear optics. Infra-red detection and displays are discussed in connection with pyroelectric image tubes and non-linear optical up-conversion. Other applications described include optical digital light defectors for printing, displays and optical stores, and electro-optic and acousto-optic modulation for Q-switches in laser applications and as modulators in display tubes. Attempts to improve piezoelectric ceramic resonators include suppression of ageing with dopants, use of a novel mode of vibration and use of acoustic surface waves for i.f. circuits in T.V. receivers. Ceramics with a large positive temperature coefficient have been developed for a variety of applications. Transparent ferroelectric films are being widely investigated for display systems and materials closely related to ferroelectric ceramics are being developed for high permittivity temperature-stable microwave substrates' and resonators.