Left cleft lip predominance and genetic similarities of L line and CL/Fr strain mice

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Abstract
Newborn litters of the L line and CL/Fr and A/JFr strains were examined, and sex, frequency and type of cleft lip (left, right or bilateral) were recorded. Embryos and fetuses from crosses between these strains and line were collected on days 13 to 16 of gestation, and frequency and type of cleft lip recorded. Overall cleft frequencies in L × CL/Fr, CL/Fr × L, and CL/Fr × A/JFr crosses (female stated first) were similar, while in A/JFr × L (10.3%) they were significantly lower than in L × A/JFr (23.3%). The data suggested that the same maternal effect genes were present in CL/Fr and the related L line and absent from A/JFr. In the L, CL/Fr, and A/JFr newborns, there was a tendency for males to have higher frequencies of cleft lip and bilateral cleft lip and the latter was significant for L. Left cleft lip frequency was significantly higher than right for L and CL/Fr newborns and in embryos of the CL/Fr × L and L × CL/Fr cross. No significant differences in laterality were found in the A/JFr strain, A/JFr × L, L × A/JFr, and CL/Fr × A/JFr crosses. It was concluded that (1) the embryonic and maternal effect genes for cleft lip are similar or identical in CL/Fr and L; and (2) using data from the literature, there are additional genetic factor(s) increasing left cleft lip occurrence acting in the embryo, which are present in CL/Fr, L, A/HeJ, A/He, and A/St and absent from A/JKt, A/J, A/JFr, and A/WySn.