Gravitational Condensate Stars: An Alternative to Black Holes

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  • 27 February 2002
Abstract
A new kind of static, spherically symmetric solution to Einstein's equations is described. The solution is characterized by an interior de Sitter region of gravitational vacuum condensate and an exterior Schwarzschild geometry of arbitrary total mass M. These are separated by a shell with a small but finite proper thickness of ultracold matter with the extreme relativistic equation of state p=\rho, replacing both the Schwarzschild and de Sitter classical horizons. The new solution has no singularities, no event horizons, and a globally defined timelike Killing field. Its entropy is maximized under small fluctuations and is given by the standard hydrodynamic entropy of the thin shell, instead of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula. Hence unlike black holes, the new solution is thermodynamically stable and has no information paradox. The formation of such a cold (1 \mu K) gravitational condensate stellar remnant very likely would require a violent collapse process with an explosive output of energy.

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