Evaporation and condensation for general gas–liquid surface scattering

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Abstract
The Onsager matrix for the liquid−vapor phase change of a monatomic gas in the presence of a Knudsen layer is calculated for a general gas surface sscattering law. The linearized Boltzmann equation is solved by the variational technique. The driving forces are the macroscopic pressure and temperature jumps. The calculated phenomenological coefficients show the influence of the reflection probability of the molecules on the surface and satisfy Onsager’s symmetry relation and the inequalities which follow from the fact that the entropy production rate in nonequilibrium is positive definite. In particular, the influence of the evaporation coefficient and the thermal accomodation coefficient is given. Simpler expressions are given for a generalized Maxwellian boundary condition.

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